Washer
Washer
Type
Flat washers protect surfaces by evenly distributing torque when a bolt or screw is tightened. They prevent corrosion between a steel screw and an aluminum surface. A nylon washer can be placed under a machine screw to reduce noise and abrasion and offer electrical insulation. Sealing washers are used for plumbing and hydraulic projects.
Flat washers, also referred to as Type A plain washers, are thin, flat, and circular general-purpose washers with a centrally located hole. Standardized flat washers may be designed by the use of imperial or metric dimensions.
Standard imperial washers include SAE washers, for use with fine threaded nuts and bolts, and USS flat washers, for use with coarse threaded bolts and nuts. Standard metric washers are available in several gages as defined by JIS standards.
The most common type of washer, with two flat surfaces
Round or square Shape
Used to distribute force/stress of a nut or bolt and reduces friction and heat during installation of threaded fastener. The Dimension for these are mentioned in the International standard ISO 7089.
HV washers are generally used for critical application and are used with HV bolts & nuts. It is normally used to distribute the load of a threaded fastener, such as a bolt or nut. Washer, machine component that is used in conjunction with a screw fastener such as a bolt and nut and that usually serves either to keep the screw from loosening or to distribute the load from the nut or bolt head over a larger area. For load distribution, thin flat rings of soft steel are usual.The Dimension for these are mentioned in the European standard EN 14399-6 & DIN 6916.
Split ring washers use friction to prevent bolted joints from loosening. They feature a ring that has been split and twisted – creating two sharp edges. These washers are installed between the bolt head/nut and mating surface, the bolted joint is then tightened in the same way as an unsecured bolt.
Split washers have been experimentally proven to be ineffective locking devices and can even aid self-loosening over time.
Use a split lock on a small, low-intensity job, since bigger loads will flatten the washer and make it useless. Use tooth lock washers for extra force. With their jagged edges, tooth lock washers hold the nut or threaded fastener in place with a significant amount of force.
Tooth lock washers (electrical contact washers) are designed to prevent bolted joints from loosening using friction. Similarly, to serrated washers, tooth lock washers feature teeth-like serrations either internally or externally. When the bolted joint is tightened,these teeth bite into the mating surface.
External tooth lock washers have a cylindrical inner diameter with several teeth along the outside diameter that are aligned at an obscure angle to the face of the washer. They are designed for use with wide-headed fasteners. When secured, the teeth bite into a mating surface while they resist the compressional force.
Internal tooth lock washers have a cylindrical outer diameter with several teeth along the inside diameter that are aligned at an obscure angle to the face of the washer. They are designed for use with shallow-headed fasteners. When secured, the teeth bite into a mating surface while they resist the compressional force.